February 23, 2012

A Look Back at Africa in 2011

Satellite image of Africa, showing the ecologi...

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2011 was an eventful year for the continent of Africa, not least because of the wave of protest movements that was launched in Tunisia and then spread all over the world in various forms. Below is a roundup of some wonderful happenings on the African continent that you may have missed.

 

NORTHERN AFRICA
Algeria opened its first underground rail system in the capital, Algiers. The only other underground rail in Africa is in Cairo, Egypt. Tunisians peacefully deposed long-time president Ben-Ali and held elections to usher in their first democratic government. Well done, Tunisia! Uprisings in Egypt and Libya also led to a change in executive leadership in both countries, although in less peaceful ways than the Tunisian transition. Other North African governments, most notably Morocco, scrambled to give the people more of what they want, in order to avoid similar uprisings in their own countries.

 

SOUTHERN AFRICA
Miss Angola, Leila Lopes, was crowned Miss Universe in September; the Kingdom of Lesotho keeps taking giant steps towards gender equality and is ahead of some Western countries; and Zambia generated a lot of buzz all over the world due to the appointment of its first white Zambian as Vice President. In South Africa, paint factories run by our ancestors 100,000 years ago were unearthed. They demonstrate how forward thinking our people were.

 

EASTERN AFRICA
In Rwanda, Gregory Tayi has pioneered renewable energy by building small hydro-electric stations on some of the country’s rivers to provide electricity. Tanzania hosted its 4th annual Swahili Fashion Week to mark 50 years of independence and promote East African designers; a few southern African designers were also invited to participate. The Republic of South Sudan, Africa’s newest nation, was finally born after years of struggle. And if you haven’t heard, Ethiopia now has one of the fastest growing economies in the world.

 

WESTERN AFRICA
Angelique Kidjo, the amazing singer from Benin, continued to be an Ambassador for Africa as she entertained audiences around the world. Cape Verde graduated from the list of Least Developed Countries to become a middle-income country, and its President, Pedro de Verona Rodrigues Pires, was awarded the Mo Ibrahim award for African Governance. Cape Verde is a nation without corruption, and one of Africa’s success stories.
Mali celebrated African photographers at the Bamako Encounters in November. That same month the Paris Photo international fair was dedicated to Africa. Meanwhile, serial entrepreneur Magatte Wade, is redefining Senegal’s (and Africa’s) place in the world through manufacturing.

 

African Christmas Feasts

English: Jollof rice, also called 'Benachin' m...

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Growing up, Christmas for me was always about coming together as a family and sharing the best food we could cook. I remember even when we decided to spend part of Christmas at a church event, our taste buds were never disappointed. We had a multicultural community and these were the places where I got to taste popular Indian dishes such as chicken biryani and those sweet desserts. This was also where I got to taste wonderful Ugandan dishes such as this lovely peanut buttery stew of which unfortunately I do not know the name.

But yes, Christmas was all about sharing the best food we could make. For this post I had to call my mom so that she could remind me what was a regular Christmas dish in our household. Sure enough, jollof rice was a regular feature. Mama and I have pulled together a menu guaranteed to set your taste buds into motion. Here is some of the food we have got to look forward to for this year’s Christmas feast:

Jollof rice
Roast goat leg
Simple dessicated coconut caramel.

We already have a great jollof recipe here, so I am going to write about the goat!

leg of goat
2 oranges juice and zest
1 scotch bonnet pepper (or kpakpo shito)
inch of ginger
1 tsp paprika
1 tsp ground coriander
1 tsp sea salt
2 to 3 cloves
4 tbspn olive oil

1. Grind the ingredients (except the goat of course) to make a paste then marinate the goat leg in it in a ceramic dish. This is best done for 24 to 48 hours to let the marinade really penetrate.

2. Preheat the oven to about 160 degrees celsius. To cook, place the goat in a roasting tin with 500ml of water. The idea is to slow roast as goat can be quite tough. If you would like to brave it, alternatively roast dry but I have no instructions for this method.

3. Cover with foil and allow the goat to slow roast for about 4 hours, keeping an eye on the water so it does not dry out. Remove the foil towards the end of the 4 hours to allow browning.

Enjoy and join me for my next post where I share the simple coconut dessert mama used to make when we were little.

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The Beauty of the Kenyan Coast

Even though we were still quite a few miles away from Mombasa, I could smell the briny air wafting in from the sea. We had made the nearly 300 mile journey from Nakuru by road. More road hours than we cared to count. Bathroom breaks. Notable scenery changes from the fertile highlands of the Rift Valley, to the savanna grasslands and flat-topped acacia trees of the Tsavo plains.Finally, finally, we approached the wide expanse of the Indian Ocean as we reached the Kenyan Coast.

Image courtesy of ownersdirect.co.ukI returned to Mombasa several times after that first trip as a preteen. The deep blue seas always called out my name and I answered, this love for water bodies having been passed down to me from my forefathers. I’ve stayed both on the North Coast and the South Coast (the city of Mombasa is an island, you see) and found that my heart generally gravitates towards the South Coast.

Driving down the main road in Mombasa, the huge tusks that arch over the street were amazing to behold. That first time, I wondered how big the elephants who had worn those tusks had to have been. Exploring the beautiful, mysterious waters of Malindi National Marine Park in a glass bottomed boat was my favorite experience of all time. So many wonderfully colored species of sea-wildlife: fishes, seahorses, sea urchins. Next time I go, I’ll try scuba diving.

Other places of interest in or near Mombasa include historical monuments (Fort Jesus, Old Town, the Vasco da Gama pillar and the House of Columns–the latter two in Malindi), the Gede ruins, the Haller Park animal sanctuary, spectacular geological formations at Hell’s Kitchen, the flora and fauna around the mouth of River Sabaki, coral reefs, and the Mamba Village, among others.

There’s so much to experience (not merely see) at the Kenyan coast, with the rich blend of cultures from its centuries of history: a conglomeration of Bantu ethnicities, some emigrated watu wa bara (Swahili for “people of the mainland”) and influences of Arabic, Portuguese and British culture. Really, I just couldn’t ever say enough good things about the intensely blue skies and seas, the white sandy beaches and the glorious days of fun possible at the Kenyan coast. No crowded beaches like you find in Western countries. If you haven’t been on a Kenyan beach, you haven’t really lived. So, two words for you: Go! Experience!

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The World’s best diet

Uglai and cabbage. Ugali (also sometimes calle...

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A few months ago I watched a TV programme entitled the world’s best diet. The show featured presenter Jonathan Maitland and  a celebrity spread of made up of Linda Robson, Cheryl Baker, Darren Gough and Carole Malone. Whilst I wouldn’t argue that some of the destinations, for instance, Japan, offered the worlds healthiest lifestyles, I was somewhat disappointed that nowhere in the programme was any part of Africa featured. I cannot blame anyone for this, as much as we would like, Africa in terms of its food still presents itself as the dark continent, where no light has been shed on some of the best recipes it can offer.

Additionally, for those recipes that have emerged as familiar, they do not exactly come across as the healthiest, even to people of African origin. I remember having a conversation with another African lady at a recent ethical fashion event about presenting an afro centric diet as a healthy living way of life. Her immediate comment was, “well, African food does not strike me as healthy.” In today’s post I wish to challenge this idea. The only way to do this is through educating readers out there and letting them know that if we examine African staples and tweak them here and there, we are actually in the running to provide one of the world’s healthiest diets.

Let us examine a very popular dish which one would find easily across east and southern africa. ‘Ugali, irio na nyama’ in other words solids made of maize, millet or sorghum meal, green vegetables such as spinach or the truly divine covo and meat or fish. With the ugali rich in fibre, greens rich in iron and grilled river tilapia rich in healthy protein and some omega 3, you are well on your way to a healthy diet. Take another recipe which is made up of our popular stew. Stews are normally tomato based, with onions, garlic and ginger. Why this comes across as vastly different to pasta sauce, an Italian staple, (Italy ”Mediterranean” featured as healthiest diet destination) is beyond me. We only fall short in the preparation of stew, where too much oil used is not uncommon.

Apart from all of this, the afro centric diet abounds with fresh or naturally preserved ingredients. You seldom hear of a diet rich in fast or highly processed foods. And even better is our use of indigenous plants and herbs as natural remedies. There are remedies for controlling diabetes and high blood pressure (dawadawa), cholesterol and even malaria treatment. All of these could benefit from additional research but they have been used for 100′s of years and need not be suddenly “discovered” by some witty Oxbridge scholar, we already know about them.

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Happy 45th Independence Botswana!

Photo of city centre buildings in Gaborone, Bo...

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The 30th of September marks a very special day in Botswana and is known locally as Boipuso. It was this day 45 years ago that the then named Bechuanaland gained its independence from Britain; becoming the beautiful country of Botswana that we know today. Botswana is one of Africa’s gems and has a very unique and encouraging story behind it.

Botswana is one African country which was never colonised by Britain. It was however a British Protectorate due to instability in the region in the late 1800′s. Back in 1966, things probably looked very grim for the new nation. Faced with a very low literacy rate, very few university graduates, lack of infrastructure, 70% dessert land and being one of the world’s poorest countries, there was very little that the world expected of Botswana.

That is until the discovery of diamonds. Diamond mining, a third of GDP, has propelled Botswana’s development forward into the 21st century. Botswana now has an adult literacy rate of over 83%. Where there were less than 3 miles of tarred roads in the early 1970′s, Botswana now boasts having over 26,000 km of road. To put it into perspective, it took 2 to 3 days to travel between the 2 largest cities, Gaborone and Francistown. Today, you can make the journey in 3 and a half to 4 hours.

Although Botswana is now the world’s largest diamond producer, maintaining one of the world’s highest growth rates, the government has made a concerted effort to diversify the economy. Through initiatives such as the Citizen Entrepreneurship Development Agency (CEDA) Botswana now has budding entrepreneurs amongst young people driving forward local production, farming, manufacturing and emerging creative industries. The Botswana Export Development and Investment Authority (BEDIA) is another great government mandated organisation which creates an international platform for locally produced textiles.

There are many great things to celebrate about Botswana, as well as areas to improve such as the plight of some of the world’s most ancient civilisations in the Basarwa Bushmen and tackling an HIV infection rate as high as 1 in 3.

There are other things to talk about too. For instance how the country celebrates Boipuso. 30 September is a public holiday and the government virtually cooks for the entire population. Citizens can enjoy a meal consisting of the traditional Seswaa and a cold drink. I think my next post may just be a recipe from Botswana… naturally afrocentric food!

Information references:

Wikipedia
The CIA world factbook
The Botswana Export Development and Investment Authority (BEDIA)
The Citizen Entrepreneurial Development Agency (CEDA)

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Goat Kebabs: from the Afro Centric Diet series

Fresh cleaned mutton (castrated male goat meat...

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Well, I would categorise this dish as intermediate to difficult. Even though it really could be easy, it is time consuming therefore be prepared to get up close and personal with your kitchen. I remember this as a favourite at the parties my mom used to throw way back when we were kids. The time and effort put into making these kebabs is well worth it. Here goes.

1kg goat meat
Onion
Garlic
Ginger
Chicken stock
Scotch bonnet pepper
Optional Spices (cloves, bay leaf)

I like to cook goat with a lot of spices, seasoning and bulb vegetables like onion, garlic and ginger to tone down the natural scent if goat meat. Cook until tender. When pressed for time like I often am, I pressure cook the meat and it is done within 15 minutes at pressure.

While the goat is cooking, work on the sauce, which is essentially the tomato stew base I blogged about in my last post. For the kebabs, I like to use fresh tomatoes for their natural sweetness instead of the canned ones which can sometimes have a sour taste.

1 large onion
Garlic
Ginger
Scotch bonnet peppers
1 tbsp tomato puree
4 large fresh tomatoes
Olive oil

Follow the instructions for the tomato stew base ensuring that the resulting sauce is quite thick, not watery.

Now, the meat should be done. Traditionally, the next step would be to deep fry the meat. I have been moving away from using too much oil in my cooking, so at this stage I actually grill the meat until sealed and browned on the outside yet juicy and tender on the inside. It is now time to assemble your kebabs with the following.

1 red onion
Colourful peppers
Freshly sliced tomatoes.

Chop all of these to about an inch each side. Take your bamboo skewers and begin to assemble the kebabs, alternating meat and vegetables. Each kebab ending up with 3 to 4 pieces of meat is fine.  Now drizzle the spicy tomato stew base all over the kebabs ensuring every inch of meat is covered and they are ready to serve.

Bon appetite!

For more step by step photos, click here.

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Spicy Moroccan Style Chickpea and Couscous

I love eating good food (who doesn’t?!). I love spicy food too and although I believe I may be secretly addicted to chillies, this particular recipe has none.  As much time as I seem to spend in the kitchen preparing meals, treats, cakes, breads and so on, I have to confess that I am also a lazy cook.  I don’t like fuss, I don’t like dirty dishes, bowls or pots that will require additional labour from me after I have eaten and want to relax and I NEVER follow a recipe!!  I always improvise, add extra, cut out or substitute and fortunately I have not had too many disasters.

This recipe is modest with it’s ingredient amounts, they are probably suitable for most, I use a lot more of the spices than I say but it may not be to everyone’s palette.

This recipe is great for those of you who also like spicy food but without the burn. It is so versatile you can add quite a variety of ingredients to it dependent upon what you may or may not have in your fridge or pantry at any given time: I have replaced the chickpeas with mushrooms and/or cooked, browned and cubed chicken. In place of the asafoetida I have used a crushed clove of garlic which could just as easily be replaced with finely chopped onion. Always remember, cooking is not rocket science and in this instance you can give or take quite easily with little likelihood of disaster.

AND, best of all, it takes a bare minimum of time to prepare and you have a tasty delicious warm meal that is also extremely healthy.

To be perfectly honest, I don’t know how Moroccan this really is but it sounds exotic doesn’t it?  Given the fantastic mix of cultures on the African continent from North to South, East to West and I include India and the Middle East in this, it is without doubt right at home here in Africa.

You will need the following ingredients:

3 tablespoons of margarine or butter (about 125g)

2ml salt

2ml asafoetida (this is entirely optional, but I love its warm spicy flavour)

3ml turmeric

3ml ground cumin (jeera)

3ml ground coriander (dhanya)

1 star anise

1 small stick cinnamon

1 cup OR 1 410g tin of cooked drained chickpeas (garbanzo beans)

300ml (I use about 1  1/4 cup) couscous

500ml (2 cups) vegetable stock

1 small bunch chives chopped

Let us start cooking:

Have the two cups of boiling vegetable stock in a pourable container to one side before you start (the cube or powdered kind is fine too, follow manufacturer instructions, chicken stock is also fine).

Melt the margarine/butter in a medium pot over medium heat, add all the spices and raise the temperature of the pot or pan enough to let this mixture  bubble and simmer.

Dry spices in pot

Spices simmering in melted margarine / butter

 

 

 

 

 

 

Be very careful not to burn it, you will know it is sufficiently done when you can smell the warm aroma of the spices.  This should not take much more than a minute or two, stir it constantly. When done remove from heat and reduce the heat to medium.

Find your chickpeas (I am replaying my own chaotic kitchen planning here). Place the pot back on the heat and stir in the chickpeas, coat them well with the mixture and stir all the time until they are heated through, about 2 or 3 minutes.

Chickpeas added. Heated & coated with spice mixture

Dry uncooked couscous added to pot

Mix couscous into mixture for about 2-3 minutes until heated through

 

 

 

 

 

 

Remove from heat and pour in the couscous, stir this into the mixture too until the couscous it coated with the spice mixture, you can “cook” (I put it in inverted commas because you are really just heating it over the hot plate again) for a minute or 3.

Remove from heat again, turn the plate off, you won’t be needing it any longer.

Pour the two cups of vegetable stock into the pot over all the ingredients and put the lid on and let it stand for 5 to 6 minutes until the liquid is absorbed.

Add the 500ml (2 cups) of hot vegetable stock to the mixture in the pot

Stock covering chickpea, couscous and spices

Cover pot with lid and let it stand for 5 - 6 mins

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fluff it up with a fork (probably a good time to pull out the stick cinnamon and start anise too, but not critical, just warn your diners). I sometimes add a tablespoon or two of olive oil here, but it is just something I do because I like olive oil, almost as much as I do chillies.

After 5-6 minutes the vegetable stock has been absorbed by the couscous

Fluff (separate) the couscous with a fork

 

 

 

 

 

 

Put into individual bowls, sprinkle with fresh chopped chives (parsley or even fresh chopped coriander is also fine) and serve.

This recipe should serve 6-8 portions.  In my house, where legs seem hollow and bowls always empty, we get about 4 large servings, enough to satiate teen hunger.

Put on some cool, relaxing African rhythms to eat along with, some marimba or jazz and if you like, some Chardonnay … why not, South African wines are among the finest in the world. Enjoy!

Serve, sprinkle with either chopped chives, parsley or fresh coriander. This may not look like much from the 2MP photos taken with my phone, but I assure you, it tastes heavenly

 

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The Afrocentric Diet (TAD): Tomato Stew Base

Scotch bonnet peppers imported from the Caribb...

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When it comes to Afro centric cooking, especially in West African kitchens, there is one basic recipe which is absolutely essential in laying the foundation for most dishes. It is a tomato based sauce which I call the tomato stew base. This sauce is essentially what makes the centre of most stews, sauces and even jollof rice. It can make cooking a much quicker task if you have made a large batch; it keeps well in the freezer and can be available on demand.

 

Use the following ingredients. I like to use fresh tomatoes for their natural sweetness instead of the canned ones which can sometimes have a sour taste.
1 large onion
Garlic
Ginger
Scotch bonnet peppers
1 tbsp tomato puree
4 large fresh tomatoes/1 canned tomato
Olive oil
Heat 3 to 4 tablespoons of olive oil in a saucepan. You may be tempted to use double or even three times that amount but remember the oil is not going anywhere but onto your hips, so use it sparingly and count to cost of each tablespoon of oil you add.

 

Fry the onions until golden brown. If you are like me, then you like them with a hint of rawness. Add the garlic and ginger a few seconds before adding your tomato puree. My mom always told me that I need to make sure the tomato puree fries for a good amount of time to reduce the acidic taste. Add the tomatoes and scotch bonnet peppers. (If your kitchen is equipped with a blender, you would have simply added the pepper and ginger to the tomatoes and blitzed them all together). Now allow the stew base to simmer and reduce. Make sure you have a pot cover handy, as it often becomes very hot and messy whilst simmering the stew base. Do this for about 15 to 20minutes, stir continuously to make sure it is not burning.

 

Another thing Mama tells me, “Once you notice a little of the oil settling to the top, your stew base is done.” Don’t worry too much about this detail, I don’t.

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The Afrocentric Diet

Red, Orange and Yellow Tomatoes

Image by My Burnt Orange via Flickr

For those of you out there who know me and what I am like when I am relaxing at home, you will know very well that one of my favourite pass times is cooking. I have decided to shift gears a little bit and share more about my love of cooking… and eating. It is a very safe topic for me to blog about and will ensure I stay out of trouble… for a little while at least.

Well, I went completely tomato crazy this week when I suddenly decided that I just had to get my hands on red, orange and yellow tomatoes. Read here to see where I found them.

Now that I finally had them, almost 3 kilo grams of them, I realised I had to put them to good use. I will share what I made with the tomatoes over a series of posts on my blog, where you can view all the steps in photos. I have made pasta sauces and followed a recipe inspired by a celebrity chef, but I will reserve the recipes with the African flavour for Africaontheblog.

As I write, I have to ask myself, “What makes a dish Afrocentric?” I think there are 2 answers to that question. The first is that we will always get the very traditional meals which are authentically linked to a country or region. Meals like jollof (Nigeria), fufu (Ghana), ugali (Uganda: the widely eaten African white polenta if you like), guru ne matumbu (Zimbabwe) and seswaa (Botswana). The second factor which makes a meal Afrocentric is the actual ingredients. Ofcourse our standard onion and tomato based stews could easily be Italian, but what makes it different is what we add, and perhaps, as a third factor, how we present and eat the dish.

Included in my recipes reserved for AOTB are dishes made with ingredients such as Palm Oil, scotch bonnet chillis, goat and other key ingredients I will share as I cook.

Just as an aside, Palm Oil for one, is a very unique ingredient. And I am talking about palm oil in its natural unrefined state, where it is red in colour. This is very different to the palm oil which has been exported out of Malaysia and Indonesia as one of the world’s cheapest vegetable oils; a highly sought after commodity, and widely used in soaps, cosmetics and confectionary. The high demand and production of this refined, deodorised and bleached form of palm oil has been viewed as unsustainable and damaging to the environment, its impacts include: deforestation, habitat loss of critically endangered species such as the Orangutan and Sumatran Tiger, and a significant increase in greenhouse gas emissions. (source: Wikipedia)

But back to my palm oil; red and with a distinct smokey smell in its natural unrefined state. This is what I am growing to love and appreciate about nutrition from “back home.” The afrocentric diet is filled with natural and unrefined ingredients. You seldom hear of sugery ingredients, highly refined grains and processed foods as part of our staple diet. There is certainly something to be said about this, and I wonder whether we can teach the world about a better way to eat. I will explore this as well on my blog.

Until the next post, please tell me “What makes a dish Afrocentric” for you?

Please keep in touch and follow the journey at MyBurntOrange.

Follow this link for photos giving you a sneak preview of the recipes coming your way.

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Red Fresh Mackerel Stew

Red Zomi Palm Oil

Image by My Burnt Orange via Flickr

Today I am going to share one of the quick dishes I make if I have to cook after a hard day’s work. We all know how a modern working mum and wife with a taste for good old “home food” has to juggle her career, motherhood and family all at once, and time is of the essence. This meal is my adaptation of what my mother would have cooked for us at home, a Ghanaian inspired dish. It is quick and easy and will not stress you out if you cook it in the middle of the working week.

Fresh Mackerel Red Stew
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This is in fact a very simple dish. There is so much more you can do with it; add coriander or add more of your favourite spices, but the natural flavours of the ingredients are simply enough to give you that authentic fusion of West African influence.

Chop 1 onion
Chop 2 red tomatoes
Chop a fresh red chilli
1 tbspn tomato puree
1 clove of garlic
1 tsp fresh ginger
2 de-boned mackerels halved
2 to 3 tbsn palm oil, sit in hot water if it is solid

Fry the onions, garlic and ginger in the palm oil. I like everything with a touch a raw freshness to it still, so don’t worry about browning the onions unless you love them caremelised. Add 1 tablespoon of tomato puree, fry for a minute then add the fresh tomatoes and fry for a further 5 minutes. Add your seasoning, simply sea salt will do the trick. Add the mackerel and allow to brown for 5 minutes on each side. Be careful not to mash the fish. Add the chillies and serve on a bed of rice.

Throw on a simple salad on the side. Salads in many parts of Africa will consist of the African style of cucumber (you know what I mean right?) and some sliced onions. The closest I got to this was an ordinary English cucumber and red onions, but it did just the trick to get me thinking of having a meal as though I was back in Accra. Happy eating.

Follow this link for more step by step photos in this series.

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